One Flew over the Cuckoos Nest - 1207 Words

There are three major conflicts in the novel, One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest, by Ken Kesey. Both internal and external in nature their causes, effects, and resolutions are explored in great detail. The cause of the conflict between Mac and Ratched begins immediately. As soon as McMurphy enters the ward he shows his individuality. He s loud, brassy and the chief says, He sounds big. McMurphy publicly introduces himself and stands out from the rest of the men. He shows that he wont be controlled. Ratched wants and expects complete control. She refers to Mac as a, Manipulator, who will, Â…use everyone and everything to his own end. Ironically Ratched is also a Manipulator. Miss Ratched chooses the orderlies to control them, she†¦show more content†¦The resolution of Mac s conflict is when he attacks Miss Ratched and knows that he has lost in a way but on his own terms. In another way he wins because he shows to the men that Miss Ratched was nothing but a women. The conflict that Chief has with himself is a very intense one. Unlike the other two this one is emphasized from the begin of the book and is only resolved at the very end of the novel. The cause of his internal conflict begins when he is a little boy on his Indian territory. The white man comes on his father s land and insult the Indians right in front of Chief. The novel starts off with chief already deep in his own fog. He even says that he might eventually get lost in the fog forever. Chief s first major loss is when McMurphy is humiliated in front of the ward, by Miss Ratched, about staining of the glass. When ever McMurphy looses to Ratched or seems to be down Chief goes into fog. When McMurphy cannot lift the control panel and looses his bet against the guys Chief is completely lost in his fog because after this Mac has lost three time in a row to Ratched or the combine. Chief sees the trouble Mac has to lift the control panel and finally gives up, the control panel, to chief, isShow MoreRelatedOne Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest875 Words   |  3 Pages In â€Å"One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest† by Ken Kesey, Nurse Ratched symbolizes the oppression of society through archetypal emasculation. The male patients at the ward are controlled, alienated and forced into submission by the superior female characters. Throughout the novel, there is a constant fear of female superiority; Randle McMurphy, the sexually empowered male protagonist, states how they are essentially being castrated. Castration, in the novel, symbolizes the removal of freedom, sexualRead MoreEssay On One Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest1487 Words   |  6 PagesWard Power is defined as the controlling entity that cannot be escaped from those who are less superior. In Ken Kesey’s novel, One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, there is an evident theme shown throughout particular instances of how power can turn into something catastrophic. From this novel, many characters undergo highs and lows of this concept. One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest tells a story through the perspective of Chief Bromden. The setting takes place in a mental institution located in Oregon, whereRead More One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest Essay864 Words   |  4 PagesOne Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest Written by Ken Kesey, One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest was published in 1967 by Penguin Books. This story was written based on the author’s experience while working in a mental institution. He held long conversations with the inmates in order to gain a better understanding of them. It was during this period that he wrote the first draft of One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest. Most of the characters in the novel are based upon actual patients he met while working atRead MoreOne Flew over the Cuckoos Nest2390 Words   |  10 Pages3 May 2011 One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest In the novel, â€Å"One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest,† by Ken Kesey, the book has a lot of meaning, symbolism, and imagery. This book has been criticized by many around the country and has even been considered to be banned in high schools nationwide. One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest is seen as obscene, racist, immoral, and sexist to some eyes. It does have some bizarre language, and some obscene scenes, but every great literature attempts to give anRead MoreOne Flew over the Cuckoos Nest by Ken Kesey1137 Words   |  4 Pages In 2010 one in five Americans experienced some sort of mental illness, and only about 60 percent of people with mental illness get treatment each year1. In the novel One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest, by Ken Kesey, the wrong people seem to be getting the treatment. The novel is the story of a gambling addictive man, Randle Patrick McMurphy, who is a committed mental patient, serving out his time as an â€Å"Acute† instead of a Prisoner . Ultimately, the story tells of how insanity can be broughtRead MoreTheme Of Women In One Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest1766 Words   |  8 Pages One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest In the 1960s the views of women were not as they are today. For centuries women have been objectified and not treated as equals, only being viewed as property or looked at for their physical features. Ken Kesey the author of One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, with the character McMurphy, learned towards the superiority of the male sexuality over female authority (123 Helpme). The women in the novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest are portrayed as weak, sex objects,Read MoreOne Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest by Ken Kesey. Essay668 Words   |  3 PagesOne Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest is a controversial novel that has left parents and school authorities debating about its influence on students since its publication in 1962. The novel describes the inner workings of a mental institution, how the patients are emasculated and mistreated by the terrifying Nurse Ratched, who will go to any length to control them. But in comes McMurphy, a criminal who chose to go to an asylum rather than serve physical labor; he disrupts the order of the hospital withRead MoreOne Flew over the Cuckoos Nest Research Paper1764 Words   |  8 PagesDrugs and Insanity Against Society The author of the novel One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest, Ken Keasey, received his inspiration for the book while volunteering at a veterans hospital. This is where he was first introduced to LSD. The moment he tried it, he became addicted, and began experimenting on himself with the drugs, observing the effects. The novel deals with the tyrannical rule of head Nurse Ratched in a mental hospital somewhere in Oregon. She runs all business and daily life in the asylumRead MoreOne Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest by Ken Kesey1916 Words   |  8 PagesOne Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest and Ken Kesey Final One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, written by Ken Kesey, was a very successful novel which was impactful on the world in the past, and still is today. Ken Kesey, a big believer in individuality and the freedom to be oneself, brought new meaning to the world of psychiatry that changed treatments forever. This book didn’t just affect American society, it had a global impact. All around the world there are people that are admitted into mental institutionsRead MoreOne Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest by Ken Kesey580 Words   |  2 PagesOne Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest is an enthralling book which depicts the lives of the insane and their struggles regarding the authority of a healthcare facility ward. The healthcare facility ward develops into a restaurant of disobedience while the wise-guy hero, attempts to reform the establishment while dignifying individuals within. The story is written in the first person perspective by Chief Bromden a big client that is sharing his psychologi cal facility experience. He is a man who has actually

The Great Depression was the Most Devastating Economic...

The Great Depression, which is known to be a very historical event that took place during the late 1920s and into the 1930s, was the most devastating economic event in the history of the United States. President Herbert Hoover was first in charge of getting America back on its feet after a huge decline in the stock market took a toll on the economy. Hoover was faced with the job of repairing American society, which was not an easy task considering American’s stocks were being bought on margins, the agricultural prices that existed were low, the wealth was distributed unequally throughout the nation and the banking systems were wrongly managed. When Hoover’s term came to a close, the election of 1932 took place. This election led to a Democratic Party nominee receiving the presidential position, Franklin Delano Roosevelt. When being compared to Hoover, Roosevelt had a numerous amount of different approaches to solving the Great Depression. He promised to provide America with a â€Å"New Deal† that would bring America back to the nation it once was, and maybe even create a better nation than before as well. With a push for a more active government that would aid people in times of need and a movement entitled relief, recovery and reform, Roosevelt attempted to bring the nation out of this dark time. Franklin D. Roosevelt had a huge responsibility placed on him once he stepped into office. However, with his ability to create an intruding government that would watch out for theShow MoreRelatedThe Great Depression And Its Effects1166 Words   |  5 Pages The Great Depression The Great Depression is one of the single most important events in the financial history of the United States and the world; the effects of and leading to the Great Depression lasted for several years (Shindo). The great depression was a very difficult time in the time that it occurred. It hit people hard and left an everlasting memory (Shindo.) It would lead to a lot of devastating events better all over would feel the affect of this crisis. It was a very unexpected and suddenRead MoreGreat Depression Essays1347 Words   |  6 PagesThe Great Depression is probably one of the most misunderstood events in American history. It is routinely cited, as proof that unregulated capitalism is not the best in the world, and that only a massive welfare state, huge amounts of economic regulation, and other interventions can save capitalism from itself. The Great Depression had important consequences and was a devastating event in America, however many good policies and programs became availabl e as a result of the great depression, someRead MoreThe Events Of The Summer Olympics And Michael Phelps Winning 8 Gold Medals1698 Words   |  7 Pagesremember the important events of the Summer Olympics and Michael Phelps winning 8 gold medals and being the first person to ever do this in history. We also remember the election of the 43rd president of the United States Barack Obama who was the first black president to be elected before going on and being elected for a second term. Out of all of these great events in American history in the year of 2008 the most remember event in this year is the financial turmoil that was caused by the crash ofRead MoreAmerica s First Great Depression : Economic Crisis And Political Disorder Essay856 Words   |  4 Pages Alasdair Roberts book entitled America s First Great Depression: Economic Crisis and Political Disorder After The Panic of 1837 introduces the reader to challenges the United States dealt with in terms of economic and political crisis. He thoroughly entails the drastic decline the nation witnessed shortly after The Panic of 1837 which he coined the start of America s first Great Depression. Alasdair Roberts is a well known Canadian professor at the Truman School of Public Affairs. He frequentlyRead MoreThe Most Important Event That Caused The Great Depression Essay987 Words   |  4 PagesThe United States (U.S) experienced its worst depression for roughly 10 years after a tragic Tuesday in 1929. The roaring 20’s was abruptly halted as millions of people across the country lost everything they owned in just a single short day. Black Tuesday, as this day is referred to in history, was the day that triggered the Great Depression and caused one of the worst economic collaps es ever seen (Lecture Notes, March 30, 2016). Tuesday October 29, 1929 will be a day etched in people’s mindsRead MoreThe Stock Market Crash Of 19291598 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout most of the 1920’s there was a large boom in the stock market. By August 1929, there was massive expansion and stock prices reached their peak. In the words of PBS, â€Å"A boom took stock prices to peaks never before seen† (PBS 1). However, all good things eventually come to an end. What must have felt like over night, the stock market crashed and this would later be known as one of the most devastating economic downturns in U.S. history. The Stock Market Crash of 1929 was so significant butRead MoreThe Stock Market Crash Of 19291683 Words   |  7 Pagescrash pushed many Americans to depression, suicide, and destruction. By 1933, 4,000 banks had closed and Americans started to panic. The stock market crash of 1929 was a major turning point in the history of the United States and billions of dollars were lost. During the 1920s, throughout the country, there were social, economic, and political changes. Congress limited immigration, embraced isolationism, and provided protective tariffs and tax benefits, which was favored by big businesses, in thisRead MoreA Brief Look at American Exceptionalism1085 Words   |  4 Pagesbased on majority rule, seeking to dictate to the rest of the world. The testament of history is that empires do not and cannot last indefinitely. The graveyard of empires is littered with great powers who did not understand this very fact. The most recent empire to join this historical path to failure was the Soviet Empire, and the American Empire is well on its way. Many Americans are oblivious to this fact and think that somehow America is inherently different and protected from all of theRead MoreThe Great Depression Of The World War I1261 Words   |  6 Pagesspark of WW11. There is a new leader instilled in Germany! WWII was caused by the invasion of Poland, and France declaring war on Germany, Italian fascism in the 1920s, Japanese militarism, appeasement, The league of Nations, and most prevalent, the political takeover of Germany by the Nazi party. The first stem to WWII was Hitler and the Nazi Parties rise to power. They came to power because of The Treaty of Versailles, the Great Depression that began with the failure of the stock market, and the useRead MoreEssay about Causes of the Stock Market Crash of 19291411 Words   |  6 Pages1929 America’s Great Depression is believed as having begun in 1929 with the Stock Market crash, and ending in 1941 with America’s entry into World War II. In order to fully comprehend the repercussions and devastating effects of the Crash of 1929, it is important to examine the factors that contributed to the catastrophic event which led to The Great Depression. The Great Depression was the worst economic slump in U.S. history, and it spread to most of the industrialized world.

Paintball Essay Thesis Example For Students

Paintball Essay Thesis Paintball Misrepresented SportWhen you here about paintball in the news, its always a story of someone losing an eye or committing a crime. Is this what paintball is about? Definitely not!Lets first start off by saying, that accusing the sport of paintball, for criminals vandalizing property with paintball markers (They are actually classified as markers, not guns, because they mark people, like in a game of tag), is like blaming the sport of baseball, for people that fight or injure people with bats. Its like accusing football for encouraging people to fight. Of course though, football is never blamed for that. Some people also would like to say that paintball is too dangerous, and people get injured way too often because its unsafe to play. The fact is, those people couldnt be more wrong. Paintball requires a mask to be worn on all public fields. Neck protectors and vests are also optional if you feel like it. Most people would probably be surprised to learn that players and referees take extra care to make sure that all the players are safe in a game. National averages even show that paintball has a lower injury rate than bowling and golf!So how did those kids in the news loose an eye? Simple, they didnt wear the right protection and were probably playing on their own field, without refs and proper marker testing. Playing paintball without masks is the equivalent of playing tackle football with pads and helmets, which means someone could get hurt. Is football ever criticized for severe injuries? Almost never. So why should paintball be any different?So, before you decide to criticize pain tball, first go to you local field (here in Utah, you can go to Paintball Planet or Army Navy Surplus) and try a game. Then create your opinion. Most people who go actually find it very fun. It gets your adrenaline pumping and has a frantic (but fun) feel to it. It also has some value. Playing the game a lot develops excellent hand-eye-coordination, teaches teamwork, trust, and careful planning. Some people will still criticize it, and say that paintball is not a sport. If it isnt a sport, then how come it is played in over 20 countries, and holds many tournaments including a World Cup?If you want to find out more about paintball, you can find many sites on the Net, ask a local ref (or player), or pick up a magazine like Action Pursuit Games. In conclusion, please judge paintball carefully and play a game or two; you might have fun. Words/ Pages : 422 / 24

World Trade Organization free essay sample

This will be considered in terms of regulatory, or legislative, conditions and market forces, both of which pose constraints on peripheral countries that core states can use to their advantage. Specific attention, as part of the analysis, will be given to the TRIPs and TRIMs agreements relating to intellectual property and investments, respectively. Neo- ­ imperialist economics will be interpreted as the expansion of capitalism to increase the economic surplus (stemming from an economic welfare framework) of core capitalist states instead of traditional physical conquest. In terms of the structure of this essay, it will first outline the World Trade Organization, then will proceed to show how the WTO is arguably used as a vehicle to strengthen the neo- ­ imperialist world economic order, and will finish with some concluding remarks. Outline of the World Trade Organization The World Trade Organization is the multilateral trade organization that replaced the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1995 (Narlikar 2005). We will write a custom essay sample on World Trade Organization or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page GATT was an agreement to liberalize world trade by the reduction of protectionist measures including tariff and non- ­ ariff barriers to trade. The World Trade Organization takes this further through the creation of an institutional body of global governance (Lal Das 1998). The WTO deals with issues pertaining to trade negotiations, management of trade disputes and surveillance of national trade policies, for instance (Hoekman andKostecki 2009). It can be characterized as a network organization that is member- ­ driven, where in practice state officials mostly exercise control over the organization (Baylis et al 2008). The way decisions are reached in the WTO negotiations is through bargaining and consultation, which ultimately are driven by consensus (Hoekman and Kostecki 2009). In order to achieve accession to the World Trade Organization, market access liberalization is prescribed in order to further integrate the country in question into the globalized economy (Baylis et al 2008). This expands the sphere of neo- ­ liberalism, where countries adopt economic policies that are favorable to free markets. Furthermore, the World Trade Organization deals with issues pertaining to intellectual property (Trade- ­ Related Intellectual Property Rights? TRIPs) and investment issues (Trade- ­ Related Investment Measures? TRIMs). The former (TRIPs) is legislation on intellectual property relating to ownership rights, which apply to all member states of the World Trade Organization (Hoekman and Kostecki 2009). Members are required by law to uphold intellectual property rights, which include copyrights, patents, and trademarks (Lal Das 1998). The TRIPs are more comprehensive than previous intellectual property legislation and norms. In addition, the TRIPs prescribe how enforcement is implemented and how the dispute mechanism functions. The economic rationale behind TRIPs is to facilitate research and development (RD) and innovation (Hoekman and Kostecki 2009). Trade- ­ Related Investment Measures, on the other hand, relates to foreign investment in a domestic market, which imposes restrictions and standards on foreign investors (Wade 2003). A common measure is content requirements, limiting the amount of foreign input that may be used in the production process (Hoekman and Kostecki 2009). TRIMs act as de facto trade barriers, which is not congruentwith WTO aims of a more liberalized world trade system, and are therefore severely restricted. Analysis Given the consensus- ­ driven nature of decision- ­ making within the World Trade Organization, controversial issues in negotiations require agreement between the major players, which represent the core capitalist states (Narlikar 2005). This argument is consistent with neo- ­ ealist approaches to international relations in terms of why states enter into international organizations and institutions. Here, states are not interested in cooperation to mitigate uncertainty and anarchy, but are self- ­ interested and accede to international organizations through rational calculation if there are gains to be made and not because of benevolence (Linklater 1986). This theore tic framework of international relations can be applied to the World Trade Organization to argue for how core capitalist states use this economic institution to strengthen the neo- ­ mperialist world economic order. Core capitalist states are centers where economic activity is most intense, and these represent a high share of world trade and of global economic output. This arguably means that they are the major players in world trade and, therefore, are more influential in the WTO (Hoekman and Kostecki 2009). There are incentives for peripheral states to accede to the WTO as this means they are able to be more involved in the world economy. The conditions for this are originally controlled by the core states, as the WTO can be traced back to Bretton Woods, and are subject to change depending on prevailing attitudes of the major trading powers (Hoekman and Kostecki 2009). Access to markets of an aspiring accession country now needs to be more liberalized, and there is asymmetric bargaining power in the process where incumbent countries are able to demand more (Wade 2003). This obstructs the ability of peripheral states to build up domestic industries so their macroeconomies can compete in the system ofglobal capitalism. All of this arguably points to the view that the WTO is a tool for the strengthening of the neo- ­ imperialist world economic order. In a structural sense, core capitalist states are able to use the WTO to their advantage to strengthen the neo- ­ imperialist world economic order. In many meetings, there is inadequate representation of developing countries (which can be designated as peripheral states) because of limited capacity to partake in various issues raised at the WTO (for instance, they may have no delegation based in Geneva) (Narlikar 2005). In addition, peripheral countries lack the legal experience and expertise, which puts them at a disadvantage in dispute settlements, but lack also the financial resources to be represented in the WTO in a worthwhile manner (Hoekman and Kostecki 2009). Moreover, peripheral countries are less likely to file complaints against economically developed states, whereas peripheral countries are more likely to have a complaint filed against them by a much large factor (Busch and Reinhardt 2003). In addition, this has adverse long- ­ run implications for peripheral states, where infrequent and case- ­ based participation does little for systemic improvement, meaning that there is reduced incentive to challenge unjust trade practices (Narlikar 2005). Furthermore, â€Å"WTO law, still in a state of evolution, is being shaped by developed countries to their advantage, as developing countries stand watching on the sidelines† (Narlikar 2005: 95). As Wade (2003) puts it, the WTO is asymmetric in the ense that the obligations of developing countries and the rights of developed countries are enforceable, which is evident in the TRIPs and TRIMs agreements. Examining this from an analytical standpoint of markets and economic power, one can argue that asymmetric retaliation capabilities increases the core’s power over periphery states. Stronger economic states can punish weaker states outside of the WTO mechanism, which further reducesincentives for peripheral states t o push their interests within the WTO. For peripheral states, enforcement of trade decisions in their favor can be costly and such a decision, if it went against a core state, is likely to have a limited impact (Hoekman and Kostecki 2009). The domestic market of a peripheral state is relatively unimportant for the exports of a core state, and a legitimate retaliation as authorized by the WTO will have a diminished effect. The TRIPs and TRIMs agreements are policy instruments that arguably strengthen the neo- ­ imperialist world economic order. Wade (2003: 621) argues that: Together the agreements make comprehensively illegal many of the industrial policy instruments used in the successful East Asian developers to nurture their own firms, industries and technological capabilities. They are likely to lock in the position of Western countries at the top of the world hierarchy of wealth. With TRIPs specifically, the agreement benefits the position of multinational corporations by reinforcing their market power and further raising barriers to entry in an industry (Ethier and Hillman 2008). The TRIPs were drafted and lobbied for by pharmaceutical and media firms in core states (Wade 2003). To peripheral states, TRIPs puts upward price pressure on essential goods such as food and medicine, meaning that there is essentially a wealth transfer from the peripheral to core capitalist states (Lal Das 1998). TRIPs are arguably to the benefit of core states that specialize in high value knowledge goods, and to the detriment of peripheral states. The aim of TRIPs implementation was to make sure that developing economies raised their standards in intellectual property protection, where this imposed high costs on peripheral states in terms of legislative and administrative matters (which diverts valuableresources) which were essentially already in place in core states (Hoekman and Kostecki 2009). This has public health ramifications in developing states, where the licensing to domestically produce medicine allowed by TRIPs is inconsistent with production capabilities. The medicines would have to be imported which can create balance of payments problems, and there are fears that this may restrict access to vital patented medicine. However, it must be mentioned that there have been efforts to alleviate these problems through foreign aid (O’Rourke 2005). One can argue that TRIPs facilitate a wealth transfer from peripheral to core capitalist states, and that the benefits accrue to firms in core states (Rodrik 1994). This represents a strengthening of the neo- ­ imperialist world economic order, and is consistent with Wallerstein’s world- ­ ystems theory. TRIMs help to strengthen the neo- ­ imperialist world order by restraining the capabilities of governments in peripheral states in acting against multinational corporations, which are now better able to enter these markets (Wade 2003). Again, both agreements (TRIPs and TRIMs) constrain the ability of governments in peripheral states to practice pro- ­ growth policies in terms of domestic industry. Instead, multinational corporations from the core capitalist states are able to operate more freely, which solidifies their economic position in a system of global capitalism. Conclusion The World Trade Organization is a multilateral trade institution, which regulates international trade and promotes pro- ­ liberal policies pertaining to international economics. The WTO replaced the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which originated from the Bretton Woods conference, and is a member- ­ driven international institution. The issues that dominate the WTO agenda are usually trade negotiations, trade dispute management andthe monitoring of national trade policies. The TRIPs and TRIMs agreements relate to intellectual property rights and investments, respectively. TRIPs requires that WTO members maintain high standards of intellectual property protection, which benefits multinational corporations in core capitalist states, arguably strengthening the neo- ­ imperialist world economic order. This is costly for a peripheral state to implement, and in practice becomes a transfer of wealth to the core capitalist states as TRIPs increase prices and limits knowledge diffusion. These agreements increase the ability of core capitalist states to further the neo- ­ mperialist world order and limit the tools peripheral countries have to grow and integrate into the world economy in a more prepared fashion. There are asymmetric retaliation capabilities between core and peripheral states which distorts the balance in global capitalism and there are disincentives in place that limit the peripheral states’ use of the dispute mechanism. Therefore, cor e capitalist states have arguably used the World Trade Organization as a tool to strengthen the neo- ­ imperialist world economic order. Bibliography Baylis, John, Steve Smith, and Patricia Owens. The Globalization of World Politics: an introduction to international relations. 4rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University, 2008. Print. Busch, Marc, and Eric Reinhardt. ? Developing Countries and General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade/World Trade Organization Dispute Settlement. ? Journal of World Trade 37 (2003): 719- ­ 735. Kluwer Law International. Web. 2 Mar. 2013. Ethier, Wilfred, and Arye Hillman. The WTO and the Political Economy of Trade Policy: Critical perspectives on the Global Trading System and the WTO. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2008. Print. Hoekman, Bernard, and Michel Kostecki. The Political Economy of the World Trading System: the WTO and beyond. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. Print. Lal Das, Bhagirath . The WTO agreements: deficiencies, imbalances and required changes. London: Zed Books , 1998. Print. Linklater, Andrew. ? Realism, Marxism and critical international theory. ? Review of International Studies 12 (1986): 301- ­ 312. Cambridge Journals Online. Web. 2 Mar. 2013. Narlikar, Amrita. The World Trade Organization: a very short introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. Print. Rodrik, Dani. ? Comments on Maskus and Eby- ­ Konan. ? Analytical and Negotiating Issues in the Global Trading System. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 1994. Print. Rourke, Kevin. The International Trading System, Globalization, and History: Critical perspectives on the Global Trading System and the WTO. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2005. Print. Wade, Robert. ? What strategies are viable for developing countries today? The World Trade Organization and the shrinking of ? development space?. ? Review of International Political Economy 10 (2003): 621- ­ 644. Taylor Francis Online. Web. 2 Mar. 2013.